For this particular article, getting definitions helped clarify concepts of spatial computing and virtual space. According to Simon Greenwold, a graduate student in the 2003s at MIT who coined the term, it meant "human interaction with a machine in which the machine retains and manipulates referents to real objects and spaces" (p. 40). Greg Milner claimed in the article that the technology originated in the 1960s and developed a tangible application with GIS technology by simply allowing users to analyze and visualize map layers. Digital twins have advanced the technology to a new level, not only visualizing and analyzing, but also linking and manipulating above ground and underground digital structures. Additionally, analysts can model various scenarios for the spaces digitized to locate, for example, "electric, gas, water, telecommunication, and sewer services" (p. 42), without digging or environmental disruption. Mixed reality headsets, produced by Apple, Microsoft, and Meta, facilitate the viewing of assets.
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